A Substantive Offense.

A substantive offense, also known as a substantive crime or a substantive offense, refers to a specific criminal act or behavior that is prohibited by law and for which penalties or punishments are prescribed. It is the actual act committed by an individual that violates the law and is considered illegal.

In legal systems, substantive offenses are distinguished from procedural offenses. Procedural offenses relate to violations of procedural laws or rules that govern the administration of justice, such as obstruction of justice or perjury.

Substantive offenses encompass a wide range of criminal acts, including but not limited to:

1. Homicide: The act of unlawfully causing the death of another person, which can be classified as murder, manslaughter, or other related offenses.

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3. Assault and Battery: The intentional act of causing physical harm or injury to another person, which can range from simple assault to aggravated assault.

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5. Theft: The unlawful taking or appropriation of another person's property without their consent, including crimes such as robbery, burglary, or larceny.

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7. Fraud: The intentional deception or misrepresentation for personal gain, such as identity theft, embezzlement, or financial fraud.

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9. Drug Offenses: The illegal possession, manufacturing, distribution, or trafficking of controlled substances, including drugs like cocaine, heroin, marijuana, or prescription medications.

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11. Sexual Offenses: Crimes involving non-consensual sexual acts, including rape, sexual assault, child pornography, or sexual exploitation.

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13. Property Crimes: Offenses against property, such as arson, vandalism, trespassing, or
    destruction of property.

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15. White-collar Crimes: Non-violent offenses typically committed in business or professional settings, including fraud, bribery, insider trading, or money laundering.

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17. Cybercrimes: Crimes committed using computers or the internet, such as hacking, identity theft, phishing, or spreading malware.

These examples are just a few illustrations, and the specific offenses can vary based on the jurisdiction and legal system in question. The penalties for substantive offenses can also vary widely depending on factors such as the severity of the offense, the jurisdiction, and the defendant's criminal history